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Telecom Architectures and Information Technologies

( Duration: 5 Days )

In Telecom Architectures and Information Technologies training course, you will gain an in-depth understanding of the current telecom landscape and how voice has migrated from a circuit - to a packet-switched network. You will learn to evaluate existing technology options to determine which will best meet organization’s data and telephony requirements, from mature digital transport/access services to emerging voice and data services using voice over packet technologies.

By attending Telecom Architectures and Information Technologies workshop, delegates will learn:

Applications supported on today’s telecom networks
Set up of circuit-switched calls vs. packet-switched calls
Digitizing voice
Types of communication mediums
Multiplexing techniques used for fixed and wireless communication systems
Modulation techniques used to increase connections and capacity for wireless networks
Power over Ethernet
Wireless LAN standards
Packet switching
VoIP and UC
Carrier data services
Video conferencing solutions and features
Mobile cellular networks
Attributes of 3G networks and services
Femtocells vs. FMC service
4G WiMAX services and technology
4G LTE services and technology

Basic knowledge of Information Technology

This Telecom Architectures and Information Technologies class is recommended for:

Individuals who are new to telecommunications, have experience in data networking, and are in the process of converging telephony and data network infrastructures or are responsible for implementing or supporting telephony services
Voice professionals needing data training
Data professionals needing to know about VoIP
Consultants, executives, IT managers, marketing/sales staff, and network analysts, designers, engineers, and technicians

COURSE AGENDA

The Current State of the Telecom Industry

Applications on Today’s Telecom Networks
Carrier Categories
Types of Customer Networks
- Retail Customers
- Enterprise Customers
  - Who They Are
  - Enterprise Data Networks
- Carrier-Based Connections for Enterprises
  - Carrier-Based Leased Line Connections for Enterprise Data
  - Carrier-Based Packet Network Connections for Enterprise Data
- Circuit-Switched vs. Packet-Switched Networks
  - Routing Traffic over Packet-Switched Networks
  - Mapping a Phone Call over Circuit-Switched Networks

Circuit-Switched Networks and Digital Multiplexing Standards

Analog Voice Service
- In-Band Signaling
Digital Access Service: ISDN
- Common Channel Signaling
Signaling System 7 (SS7) Capabilities and Features
- Local (End-to-End) Call Connection between Central Offices
- Call Routing over a Long-Distance Network using SS7
Digital Trunking in the Transport Network: Preserves Voice Quality
- T1 (DS1) Circuit Description and Frame Format (North American Standard)
- T3 (DS-3) Circuits
- SONET
  - How SONET Works
  - SONET and SDH Multiplexing Rates
- Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM)

Digitizing Voice

Frequency Ranges Related to Human Communication
- Human Speech Explained
Digitizing Voice Signals Using Codecs
- Sample Rates for Digitizing Waveforms
- Coding the Signal
- Transmitting the Signal
- Decoding the Signal
Voice Compression
- Synthesizing Speech
- Silence Suppression
Narrowband and Wideband Codecs

Mediums and Modulation

Basic Telecommunications Systems
- Transmitters
- Receivers
- Mediums
Transmission Mediums
- Copper Cable: Electrical Energy
  - Voice Grade Cabling
  - Data Category Cabling
- Fiber Optic Cable: Optical Energy
- Wireless: Radio Frequency Energy
Basic Modulation Techniques
- Amplitude
- Frequency
- Phase

Multiplexing

Multiplexing: A More Efficient Way to Move Traffic over Networks
Fixed Medium Communication Multiplexing
- Frequency Division Multiplexing
- Time Division Multiplexing
- Wavelength Division Multiplexing
  - Coarse-Wave Division
  - Dense-Wave Division
- Code Division Multiplexing
- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Wireless Communication Multiplexing
- Frequency Division Multiplexing
- Time Division Multiplexing
- Code Division Multiplexing
- Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Carrier Access Network Architectures

Access Network Technologies
- Copper Local Loops
- ISDN: Digital-Access Service
- Cable TV Networks
Improving the Telco Infrastructure
- Digital Trunking over Copper
- Digital Trunking over Fiber (Fiber in the Loop)
- Digital Subscriber Line Service
- Fiber to the Curb
- Fiber to the Premise: Passive Optical Networks
Voice Services
- Traditional Circuit-Switched Voice over the PSTN
- Carrier VoIP Integration with the PSTN
Improving Cable Architecture for Broadband Services
- Hybrid Fiber/Coax (HFC)
- DOCSIS: High-Speed Cable Modem Service
- Cable Networks Add Voice: Triple Play
- RFoG
Type of PON Architectures
- Broadband PON
- Gigabit PON
- Ethernet PON
Quad Play Networks
- Adding Mobile Wireless to Triple-Play
- Cable Networks Add Mobile Wireless Service

Local Area Networks

LAN Topologies
- Bus Architecture
- Ring Architecture
- Start Architecture
Devices that Comprise a LAN
- Personal Computers
- Servers
- Printers
- Switches
- Routers
Data Frames
- HDLC Standard
- Frame Structure
  - Frame Header
  - Frame Trailer
  - Frame Payload
Data Link Layer Addressing for LAN Interfaces
Ethernet LAN
- Ethernet Cable Bus
- Collision Domain (CSMA/Compact Disk)
- Ethernet Hub
- Broadcast Domain
- Ethernet Switch
  - Unmanaged Switches
  - Managed Switches
Moving Data Between Network Devices on the LAN
- Logical Addressing
- MAC Addressing
- Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

Wireless LANs

The Wireless Link
- Transmitter
- Receiver
- Radio Frequency Channel
Wireless LAN Organizations
- IEEE 802.11
- Wi-Fi Alliance
The Basic Service Set (BCC)
- Access Points
  - Basic Access Point Operation
  - Encryption
  - Association and Disassociation
- Station Devices
The Extended Service Set (ESS)
- Service Set Identifier (SSID)
- Roaming
Frequency Bands Used for Wireless LANs
- 2.4 GHz Industrial Scientific and Medical (ISM)
- 5.0 GHz UNII Band
Air Interfaces and Standards
- DSSS: 802.11b
- OFDM
  - 802.11a
  - 802.11g
  - 802.11n
Security
- Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
- 802.11i
  - WPA/WPA2
  - Authentication
  - Encryption
  - Integrity

Packet-Switched Networks

Introduction to Packet Switching
- Packet Switching Concepts
- Global Addressing
- Data Packets
The Layered Approach
- Layer 1: Physical Layer
- Layer 2: Data Link Layer (Frames)
- Layer 3: Network Layer (Packets)
- Layer 4: Transport Layer (Segments)
TCP/IP Networks
- Data Link Layer: Internet Protocol
- Transport Layer
  - TCP
  - UDP
Routing Packets between Networks
- IP Global Addressing Structure
- Routers and Routing Tables
- Routing Protocols
Adding Applications to the Protocol Stack
- Port Numbers Used to Identify Applications
- Supporting Multiple Applications Simultaneously
- Application Utilities
  - DHCP
  - DNS
- Common Application Protocols
  - File Transfer
  - E-Mail
  - Web Browsing
Transporting Packets over the Network
Internet Protocol: IPv4 Address Structure
- Global Addressing Structure
- Address Classes
- Addressing Inefficiencies
- Subnetting
- CIDR
The Need for Private Addressing
- Private Address Ranges
- Traversing between Private and Public Networks
Network Address Translation
- Network Address and Port Translation (NAPT)
- Interconnecting Networks using NAT
Internet Protocol: IPv6 Address Structure
- How IPv6 Addresses are Constructed
- Additional Benefits of IPv6

Voice over IP and Unified Communications

Introduction to VoIP Networks
- VoIP for Enterprise Networks
  - Proprietary IP-PBXs
  - Open Source IP-PBXs
- VoIP for Residential Customers
  - ITSPs
  - Analog Telephone Adapters
  - POTS over VoIP
VoIP Protocols
- Signaling Protocols
  - SIP: A Peer-to-Peer Signaling Protocol
    - SIP Clients and Servers
      - Registration Server: Registrar
      - Proxy Server: Connecting Calls
    - Defines the Connection to be Used by RTP
    - SDP Negotiates the Parameters for the Connection
- Voice Transport Protocol: RTP (RFC3551)
  - Defines the Packet Format for Delivering Real-Time Traffic
  - Payload Type Identifiers: RFC3551
  - RTCP Gathers Statistic for QoS Measurements
Unified Communications
- Interactive Multimedia Services
  - Real-Time Services
    - Voice (VoIP)
    - Video Conferencing over IP
  - Near-Time Services
    - Short Message Service
    - Instant Messaging
    - Multimedia Messaging
  - Non-Real-Time Services
    - Music Downloads
    - Video Downloads and Streaming
- Presence
  - XMPP
  - SIMPLE
- Unified Messaging
  - Voice Mail
  - E-Mail
  - Video E-Mail
  - E-Fax
  - Speech-to-Text
  - Text-to-Speech
Quality of Service (QoS)
- QoS Parameters for Supporting Real-Time Applications
  - Minimal Latency
  - Low Jitter
  - Low Packet Loss
- Quality Perception for Voice and Video
Security Protocols
- Securing the Signaling Protocol
- Voice and Video Privacy: Encryption

Carrier Data Services

Enterprise Network Connections using Leased Lines
Shared Network Resources: Clouds
- Sharing Resources and Reducing Costs
  - Accessing the Shared Network
  - Separating Customer Traffic During Transport
  - Defining Source and Destination Points for Customer Traffic
Why Carriers Prefer Switched Technologies over Routing Traffic
Frame Relay
- Switching Frames through the Network
- Connecting to a Frame Relay Network
- Data Link Connection Identifiers (DLCIs)
- Using ATM as a Backbone for Frame Relay
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
- Using ATM Switches over TDM Multiplexers
- Using ATM as a Backbone for Frame Relay
- Virtual Path and Channel Identifiers
- ATM and QoS
  - ATM Cells
  - Service Categories
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
- Introduction to Label Switching
- MPLS Terminology and Components
- Establishing an MPLS Tunnel
- Using the MPLS Tunnel
Carrier Ethernet Services
- Ethernet Services Categories
  - E-Line
  - E-LAN
- Scaling Ethernet for Carrier Networks
- Carrier Methods for Deploying Ethernet Services
  - MPLS-Based Metro-Ethernet Networks
  - PBB-TE

Video Technology and Services

Video Attributes
- Scanning Formats
  - Interlaced
  - Progressive
- Video Resolutions
  - 720p
  - 1080i
  - 1080p
Video Codecs
- H.262 (MPEG-2)
- H.263
- H.264 (MPEG-4)
Broadcast Video Standards
- Standard Definition Television
- High Definition Television
Video Conferencing Solutions
- Connectivity
  - Circuit-Switched
  - Web-based
- Types of Video Conferencing Solutions
  - Desktop Video Conferencing
    - Equipment
    - Software
  - Standard Video Conferencing
    - Equipment
    - Facilities
  - Telepresence
    - Examples
      - Cisco
      - Microsoft
Video Conferencing Web-Based Services
- WebEx
- Adobe Connect
- Microsoft Office Live Meeting
- SkyRoom
- Skype
Internet Protocol Television
- What It Is
- How It Is Used
  - Broadcast Services: Part of the New Triple Play
  - Web-Based Video Streaming
Mobile Video
- Standards
  - DVB-T
  - MBMS
  - MediaFLO TV
- Devices
  - Integrated
  - Stand-Alone

Cloud Computing

Introduction to Software as a Service (SaaS): A Cloud-Based Approach
- Cloud Computing
- SaaS Benefits over Traditional Software Applications
Cloud-Based Applications and Services
- Search Engines
- e-Commerce
- Educational Uses
  - Commercial
  - Colleges and Universities
- Collaboration Software
- What It Is and How to Use It
- Types of Cloud-Based Applications
  - Wikis
  - Maps software
  - Office-Based software
    - Word Processing
    - Spreadsheets
    - Presentation Tool
  - E-Mail Service
  - Calendar
  - Instant Messaging
  - Blogging
Costing Models
- Advertising Supported
- Subscription Based
Online vs. Offline Services
Cloud Computing Examples
- Microsoft: Windows Azure Platform
  - Windows Azure
  - Microsoft SQL Azure
  - Windows Azure Platform AppFabric
- Microsoft Windows Live
- Google
  - iGoogle
  - Gmail
  - Calendar
  - Documents
  - Reader
  - Google Voice
  - Google Talk
  - Blogger
  - Web History
  - Google Check-Out
  - Translate
- Lotus Notes/IBM

Introduction to Mobile Cellular Networks

Celluar Networks
- The Concept of Cellular Networks
- Building a Cellular Network
- Call Initiation and Handoff (Handover) between Adjacent Cells
Global Frequency Spectrum Allocations for Mobile Wireless
The GSM Network Architecture
Adding Data Services to GSM Networks
- SMS
- GPRS
- EDGE
The Evolution of Cellular Standards: First and Second Generation
CDMA Architecture (IS-95A/B)
Evolution of US Cellular Technology up to Third Generation
Top Four US Mobile Operators
- GSM
  - AT&T
  - T-Mobile
- CDMA (IS-95A/B)
  - Sprint
  - Verizon

3G Networks: Enabling Mobile Broadband

The Mobile Internet Traffic Growth Predictions
- Examples of Web-Based Applications for Mobile Wireless
- Network Requirements
The Impact of Smartphones
- Smartphones
  - Attributes
    - Keypad vs. Alpha-Numeric Keyboard
    - Tactile vs. Touch-screen
  - Features
    - Display Imaging
    - Network Access
    - Other Important Features
Application Stores
- Driving Smartphone Sales
- Drive Up Data Consumption
Global Standards Organizations for 3G Networks
- 3GPP (GSM Family of Standards)
  - W-CDMA
  - HSDPA
  - HSUPA
  - HSPA+ (HSPA Evolved)
- 3GPP2 (CDMA Family of Standards)
  - CDMA2000 1x
  - 1xEV-DO Rev. 0
  - 1xEV-DO Rev. A
  - 1xEV-DO Rev. B
  - 1xEV-DO Rev. C (UMB)
3G to 4G Mobile Standards Summary
Global Mobile Wireless Subscriber Market Share
- 3GPP2 Global Market Share
- 3GPP Global Market Share

Femtocell and Fixed Mobile Convergence (FMC)

Macrocells
Femtocells
- Femtocell Manufacturers and Vendors
- Femtocells in the US Market
  - AT&T
  - Sprint
  - Verizon Wireless
LTE Femtocell Architecture
FMC
- GSM/UMTS/W-CDMA and Wi-Fi (UMA/GAN)
- CDMA2000/EV-DO and Wi-Fi
- Software Support for VoIP
Unlicensed Mobile Access (UMA)/Generic Access Network (GAN)
- Modes of Operation
  - Cellular Only
  - Cellular Preferred
  - Wireless LAN Only
  - Wireless LAN Preferred
Problems with Poor In-Building Coverage
Enterprise VoIP Network Using Wi-Fi
Seamless Roaming and Handover with FMC UMA/GAN Standard
Femtocell and FMC Market in the US

Introduction to 4G Networks: WiMAX

WiMAX Mobile vs. Fixed and Nomadic Service
Examples of Wireless Networks
- WPAN
- WLAN
- WMAN
- WWAN
802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) Standards Development
WiMAX Forum
- System Profiles
- Certification
WiMAX User Equipment Examples
Access Service Network
Connectivity Service Network
End-to-End WiMAX Architecture
WiMAX Network Reference Model
Advanced Antenna Systems
- MIMO
Advantages of the 802.16 Air Interface Standard
Increasing VoIP Capacity for WiMAX

Introduction to 4G Networks: LTE

Benefits and Drawbacks of the LTE Standard
LTE Network Architecture
IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS)
LTE User Equipment
evolved NodeB (eNB)
Mobility Management Entity (MME)
Serving Gateway (S-GW)
Packet Data Network Gateway (P-GW)
Expected Data Rates for LTE
Spectrum used for 4G Services in the US
Fractional Frequency Reuse
Voice
- Voice and SMS Services in LTE
- Options for Voice over LTE
- Voice over LTE Generic Access

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